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1.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 41(1): 14-18, 07/03/2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362068

RESUMO

Objectives The present study aims to categorize the prevalence of intracranial tumors surgically treated at the neurosurgery service of Hospital Universitário Evangélico Mackenzie (HUEM) between 2016 and 2018. Material and Methods This survey included patients surgically treated due to primary or metastatic intracranial neoplasia between 2016 and 2018 at a referral center in the city of Curitiba. These patients were analyzed for epidemiological, histopathological, and topographic data, and they underwent an assessment of the outcome at the time of hospital discharge. Results Atotal of 96patientsmet the inclusion criteria. Themost prevalent tumorwas the glioma, with 39.6% of the sample, with glioblastoma being themost prevalent histological type. Brainmetastases andmeningiomas represented, respectively, 21.9%and 18.8%of the total. There was a predominance of supratentorial and intra-axial tumors in our sample. Conclusion Glioma was the most commonly found tumor, directly associated with high morbidity and mortality. The development of new and more effective drugs with action directed at themolecular level of intracranial tumorsmay be the path to a longer survival and improvement in the quality of life of these patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cranianas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Supratentoriais/epidemiologia , Glioblastoma/epidemiologia , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cranianas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Cranianas/fisiopatologia , Perfil de Saúde , Registros Médicos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Glioblastoma/mortalidade
2.
Rev. patol. respir ; 20(3): 79-87, jul.-sept. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-167629

RESUMO

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de las atelectasias en la fibrosis quística (FQ) en la Comunidad de Madrid, con el fin de encontrar factores de riesgo predisponentes. Material y métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio retrospectivo en las unidades de FQ de la Comunidad de Madrid, de aquellos que habían padecido atelectasias. Se estudiaron: infecciones, complicaciones pulmonares y comorbilidades, tratamiento previo y posterior, el empleo de la fibrobroncoscopia y su respuesta, el diagnóstico mediante tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resolución o no de la atelectasia. Resultados: 16 (2,66%) pacientes habían padecido atelectasias, siete hombres (43,8%), con una edad media a la primera atelectasia de 23,81 ± 11,2 años. 14 (87,5%) presentaron infección bronquial crónica (IBC), especialmente por S. aureus meticilin-sensible y P. aeruginosa. Tres (18,8%) habían padecido aspergilosis broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA) y uno hemoptisis (6,3%) con embolización. No hubo diferencias significativas en los tratamientos usados antes y después. En 10 (62,5%) se realizó fibrobroncoscopia, mejorando ocho pacientes. La TC demostró mejoría radiológica en un 62,5%, completa en siete pacientes. Hubo diferencias significativas entre FEV1/FVC, FEV1 y FVC en la evolución de los pacientes; entre el número total de exacerbaciones del año previo y del posterior (p= 0,012) y entre las exacerbaciones graves del año previo y las últimas registradas (p= 0,013). Cinco (31,25%) tuvieron una evolución tórpida tras el evento. Conclusiones: Una función pulmonar con obstrucción moderada-grave, y haber padecido otras complicaciones respiratorias (ABPA y IBC) podrían predisponer a padecer atelectasias en FQ. Además, esta complicación empeora las exacerbaciones y la función pulmonar


Aim: To determine the prevalence of atelectasis in cystic fibrosis (CF) in Madrid Community, in order to find predisposing risk factors. Material and methods. A retrospective study in the CF Units of Madrid Community was carried out, of the patients who suffered atelectasis We studied: infections, pulmonary complications and comorbilities, prior and subsequent treatment, the use of broncoschopy and its results; the diagnosis using computed tomography (CT), and the resolution or not the atelectasis. Results: 16 (2,66%) patients has suffered atelectasis (2,66%), 7 males (43,8%) with a mean aged with the first atelectasis was 23,81 ± 11,2 year-old 14 (87,5%) presented chronic bronchial infection (CBI), specially by meticillinsensitive S and P. aeruginosa. Three (18,8%) had suffered allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and one (6,3%) haemoptysis with embolization. There were no significant differences with prior and subsequent treatment. A bronchoscopy was performed in 10 patients (62,5%): improving in eight cases. A radiological improve was observed using a CT in 10 (62,5%) patients, complete in seven patients. We have found significant differences in FEV1/FVC, FEV1 and FVC, in the evolution of the patients; between the total number of exacerbations of the previous year and the following one. Five (31.25%) had a torpid evolution after the event. Conclusions: Pulmonary function with moderate to severe obstruction and other respiratory complications (ABPA and CBI) may predispose to atelectasis in CF. In addition, this complication worsens exacerbations and pulmonary function


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bronquite Crônica/epidemiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Testes de Função Respiratória/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
Rev. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr.) ; 73(1): 46-48, ene.-feb. 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162523

RESUMO

La fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad genética letal más frecuente en la raza blanca. Se trata de una enfermedad multisistémica crónica minoritaria grave que altera profundamente la vida del paciente y de su familia y va a requerir una atención permanente y de por vida. Su diagnóstico y manejo son complejos y costosos, requiere la atención de un equipo multidisciplinar. El tratamiento optimizado de los niños con FQ ha provocado una mejoría progresiva de la calidad de vida y de la supervivencia media de estos pacientes. El cribado neonatal llevado a cabo en unidades especializadas puede mejorar el pronóstico de estos niños (AU)


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent lethal genetic disorder in white people. It is a multisystemic, chronic disorder that severely interferes with the patient's life and his family's and Will require permanent care throughout life. Its diagnosis and management are complex and costly, and benefit from the work of a multidisciplinary team. Optimized treatment of children with CF has been proven to improve quality of life and mean survival rates for these patients. Newborn screening undertaken in specialized units further ameliorates prognosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Fibrose Cística/epidemiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Triagem Neonatal , Pesquisa , Hospitais Pediátricos/organização & administração
4.
Bol. pediatr ; 57(242): 281-286, 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172060

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Las recomendaciones para la prevención de la sepsis neonatal precoz por estreptococo del grupo B (EGB) de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention han sido revisadas en el año 2010. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer su impacto sobre los hijos de madres colonizadas por EGB en cuanto a realización de pruebas complementarias y número de ingresos. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo de recién nacidos de madres colonizadas por EGB, con edad de gestación igual o superior a 36 semanas, nacidos en el segundo semestre de 2010 y 2012, antes y después de la implantación del nuevo protocolo. Se compara la frecuencia de realización de estudios complementarios e ingresos hospitalarios entre ambos periodos. Resultados: Ambas cohortes (152 casos en 2010 y 130 en 2012) fueron homogéneas en cuanto a tasas de colonización materna, control obstétrico, sexo, edad gestacional, tiempo prolongado de bolsa rota, presencia de corioamnionitis e indicación y administración de profilaxis antibiótica materna. No hubo ningún caso de sepsis precoz por EGB en ninguno de los dos periodos. El nuevo protocolo evitó la solicitud de estudios complementarios en un 88 % (Pfe= 0,88. IC: 0,39-0,96) y el número de ingresos un 48% (Pfe= 0,481. IC: -0,648-0,864). Conclusiones: La aplicación del nuevo protocolo ha disminuido significativamente el número de pruebas complementarias solicitadas y el número de ingresos sin que se observe un aumento del número de casos de sepsis precoz por EGB


Background: Guidelines for prevention of perinatal infection Group B Streptococcus (GBS) has been revised in 2010 and new early-onset sepsis (EOS) algorithms have been applied. Aim: To know the impact of this new algorithm on ECO evaluations, admissions and EOS-GBS cases detection. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including neonates born at > 36 week's, with positive maternal detection of GBS, in two periods of time: from July to December 2010 (previous to new EOS algorithm) and from July to December 2012. The following data was compared: evaluations and admissions. Statistical were performed using the Student t test for quantitative variables and chi square test for categorical. Preventable fraction exposed (Pfe) was used to quantify the impact of new algorithm. Results: One hundred and fifty-two neonates were included in 2010 and 130 in 2012. No significant differences were found in terms of sex, GBS positive mothers, obstetric care, gestational age, chorioamnionitis, indication and maternal antibiotic administration. There were no cases of neonatal GBS infection in both periods. In 2012 a decrease of 88% in blood EOS evaluation was obtained (Pfe= 0.88, IC: 0.39-0.96). The number of admissions for suspected early GBS sepsis was reduced by 48.1%. (Pfe= 0.481. IC: -0.648-0.864) Conclusions. Implementation of the new EOS algorithm resulted in a decrease of EOS evaluations, and the number of admissions for suspected sepsis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Sepse Neonatal/diagnóstico , Sepse Neonatal/prevenção & controle , Streptococcus agalactiae , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Idade Gestacional , Infecções Pneumocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle
5.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 91(8): 385-390, ago. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154608

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar si los ojos vitrectomizados presentan una mayor densidad óptica cristaliniana, medida con cámara Scheimpflug, con respecto a los ojos no vitrectomizados. MÉTODO: Se selecciona a 81 pacientes fáquicos vitrectomizados a los que se les mide la densidad óptica Scheimpflug (DOS) pico, lineal y de área, de ambos ojos. Comparamos las medias de DOS del cristalino del ojo vitrectomizado y del contralateral no vitrectomizado, mediante el test t de Student. RESULTADOS: En 81 ojos fáquicos vitrectomizados se han obtenido unas DOS medias, lineales y de área posvitrectomía significativamente mayores respecto a los ojos no vitrectomizados (p < 0,001). La DOS pico no resultó significativamente mayor con respecto a los ojos no vitrectomizados (p = 0,59). CONCLUSIONES: En ojos vitrectomizados encontramos mayor DOS cristaliniana que en ojos no vitrectomizados. El gel vítreo resultaría importante en el mantenimiento de la transparencia del cristalino


OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vitrectomised eyes have a higher lens optical density, when measured with a Scheimpflug camera, compared to non-vitrectomised eyes. METHOD: The peak and linear Scheimpflug optical density (DOS), and area of both eyes were measured in a sample size of 81 vitrectomised phakic patients. A comparison was made between the DOS of the vitrectomised eye lens and the contralateral non-vitrectomised eye using the Student-t test. RESULTS: A significantly higher linear DOS and area was obtained in the 81 vitrectomised phakic eyes when compared to the non-vitrectomised eyes (P<.001). The peak DOS is not significantly increased in respect to non-vitrectomised eyes (P=.59). CONCLUSIONS: The lens DOS in vitrectomised eyes is higher than in non-vitrectomised eyes. The importance of the vitreous in the maintenance of lens transparency is emphasized


Assuntos
Humanos , Vitrectomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Cristalino/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Densitometria/métodos , Catarata/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
9.
Clin. transl. oncol. (Print) ; 17(2): 167-172, feb. 2015. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-132888

RESUMO

Purpose. This study aims to asses a cancer fast-track programme (CFP) to shorten the time since a patient with suspicion of cancer is referred by the primary care (PC) physician to the specialized medical team. Methods. Guidelines for main suspected tumours were designed to help PC physicians to detect and rapidly refer cases to the CFP oncology coordinator, who sent them to the appropriate department to accelerate diagnosis, staging and therapy. All patients analysed in this report were referred from June 2009 to July 2012. Results. A total of 897 suspected cancer cases were submitted and finally 705 were studied. In 205 (29 %) a cancer diagnosis was confirmed within 23 days (median). Therapy was initiated within 46 days after referral (median). Early diagnoses with a potential curative approach were made in 166 (82 %). Conclusions. This CFP decreased the waiting time for cancer diagnosis, by improving communication between PC physician and specialized care teams. Most patients included in this program could get therapy with curative intent (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/terapia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/instrumentação , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Planos e Programas de Saúde/organização & administração , Planos e Programas de Saúde/normas , Diagnóstico Precoce , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/economia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/normas , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/tendências
10.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 81(2): 115-119, ago. 2014. ilus, tab, mapa
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-126018

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La prevalencia de anquiloglosia ha sido estimada alrededor del 4% de los recién nacidos vivos. Se desconoce la situación a nivel nacional. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico, observacional, prospectivo en el que participaron 6 hospitales asturianos. Durante 3 meses se exploró a todos los recién nacidos los días domingo, martes y jueves. Para el diagnóstico de anquiloglosia se utilizaron los criterios de Coryllos y Hazelbaker. RESULTADOS: Se exploró a 667 recién nacidos. La prevalencia de anquiloglosia fue del 12,11% (IC 95%: 9,58-14,64). El 62% eran varones. Uno de cada 4 niños con anquiloglosia tenía antecedentes familiares de frenillo lingual corto. Según la clasificación de Coryllos el tipo II fue el más frecuente (54%). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de anquiloglosia en Asturias fue 2 o 3 veces superior a la esperada. Es necesario unificar los criterios diagnósticos, así como realizar estudios para conocer su asociación con dificultades en la lactancia u otros problemas posteriores


INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of ankyloglossia has been estimated at around 4% of live births. Its prevalence at national level is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Multicenter, prospective observational study. Six hospitals in Asturias took part. All newborns were examined on Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays for 3 months. Coryllos and Hazelbaker criteria were used to diagnose ankyloglossia. RESULTS: The prevalence in the 667 newborns examined was 12.11% (95% CI: 9.58 to 14.64), of whom 62% were male. One in 4 children with ankyloglossia had a family history. According to Coryllos' classification, type II was the most common (54%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ankyloglossia in Asturias was 2 to t3 times higher than expected. The diagnostic criteria for ankyloglossia needs to be unified, and further studies are required to determine the association with breastfeeding difficulties and other health problems


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Freio Labial/anormalidades , Freio Lingual/anormalidades , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Triagem Neonatal
11.
J. physiol. biochem ; 70(2): 603-614, jun. 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-122979

RESUMO

Some causal bases of stroke remain unclear, but the nutritional effects on the epigenetic regulation of different genes may be involved. The aim was to assess the impact of epigenetic processes of human tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alfa) and paraoxonase (PON) promoters in the susceptibility to stroke when considering body composition and dietary intake. Twenty-four patients (12 non-stroke/12 stroke) were matched by sex (12 male/12 female), age (mean 70 ± 12 years old), and BMI (12 normal-weight/12 obese; mean 28.1 ± 6.7 kg/m2). Blood cell DNA was isolated and DNA methylation levels of TNF-alfa (-186 to +349 bp) and PON (-231 to +250 bp) promoters were analyzed by the Sequenom EpiTYPER approach. Histone modifications (H3K9ac and H3K4me3) were analyzed also by chromatin immunoprecipitation in a region of TNF-α (-297 to -185). Total TNF-α promoter methylation was lower in stroke patients (p < 0.001) and showed no interaction with body composition (p = 0.807). TNF-α and PON total methylation levels correlated each other (r = 0.44; p = 0.031), especially in stroke patients (r = 0.72; p = 0.008). The +309 CpG methylation site from TNF-α promoter was related to body weight (p = 0.027) and the region containing three CpGs (from −170 to -162 bp) to the percentage of lipid intake and dietary indexes (p < 0.05) in non-stroke patients. The methylation of PON +15 and +241 CpGs was related to body weight (p = 0.021), waist circumference (p = 0.020), and energy intake (p = 0.018), whereas +214 was associated to the quality of the diet (p < 0.05) in non-stroke patients. When comparing stroke vs non-stroke patients regarding the histone modifications analyzed at TNF-α promoter, no changes were found, although a significant association was identified between circulating TNF-alfa level and H3K9ac with H3K4me3. TNF-alfa and PON promoter methylation levels could be involved in the susceptibility to stroke and obesity outcome, respectively. The dietary intake and body composition may influence this epigenetic regulation in non-stroke patients


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Epigênese Genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Arildialquilfosfatase/farmacocinética , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Composição Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar
12.
Bol. pediatr ; 53(223): 28-36, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-113858

RESUMO

Introducción. El seguimiento prenatal ha logrado un aumento importante de la supervivencia neonatal. El mal control del embarazo está en relación con el nivel socioeconómico y otros factores sociales complejos. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de los recién nacidos de gestaciones no controladas en el Hospital de Cabueñes (Gijón, Asturias) entre 2006 y 2010, seguido de un análisis comparativo con una población control. Resultados. Se registraron 92 gestaciones no controladas (8,31 casos/1000 recién nacidos). El 45,7% de las madres eran españolas y un 14,1% declararon consumir sustancias de abuso. La edad gestacional media fue de 37,7 semanas. Un 20,7% de los niños fueron cedidos para adopción y se procedió a la retirada definitiva de la custodia en el 10,9% de los casos. Se detectaron dos serologías postnatales positivas para el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana y tres para la Hepatitis C. Respecto al grupo control, las madres que no controlaron el embarazo fueron significativamente más jóvenes (26,9 vs 32,1 años) y tenían más hijos previos (1,73 vs 0,5) e interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (0,34 vs 0,02). Sus (..) (AU)


Background. Routine antenatal care has increased neonatal surviving rates. Non-attending for antenatal care visits is related to several complex social and economical factors. Patients and methods. An observational, retrospective, descriptive review of all the infants born in Hospital de Cabueñes (Gijón, Asturias) following pregnancies with inadequate antenatal care between 2006 and 2010 and comparison with a control group. Results. Ninety-two pregnancies (8.31 cases/1000 liveborn infants) did not attend any antenatal care visits. Fortyfive percent of the mothers were Spanish and 14.1% reported drug abuse during pregnancy. Average gestational age was 37.7 weeks. Twenty-one percent of the newborns were given up for adoption, and the child’s custody was removed from the parents in 10.9% of cases. Two cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and three cases of hepatitis C (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez não Desejada , Problemas Sociais/prevenção & controle
14.
Farm. hosp ; 32(5): 261-273, sept.-oct. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-105245

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia de prescripción de heparinas de bajo peso molecular (HBPM) en la profilaxis de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en un hospital general, así como la adecuación a las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, tipo indicación-prescripción, con pacientes ingresados en servicios médicos y quirúrgicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 345 pacientes. La prevalencia de prescripción de HBPM fue del 44,6% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 39,3-50,1). Según el nivel de riesgo tromboembólico se encontró adecuación en la decisión de tratar profilácticamente (o no) en 261 casos (75,7%; IC del 95%, 70,7-80,1), en el resto la pauta de actuación no fue la adecuada, destacando 55 pacientes (15,9%; IC del 95%, 12,2-20,2) con riesgo alto a los que no se había prescrito profilaxis (infrautilización), y 29 pacientes (8,4%; IC del 95%, 5,7-11,8) con riesgo bajo que estaban con profilaxis (sobreutilización). En los pacientes médicos la prevalencia de prescripción fue de 22,6% (IC del 95%, 16,9-29,1) y sólo el 33,3% de los de riesgo tomboembólico alto-moderado recibió profilaxis. La prevalencia de prescripción en cirugía general fue del 84,2% y en traumatología del 91,3%. Conclusiones: En pacientes quirúrgicos el nivel de profilaxis al canzado es adecuado, pero hay un porcentaje importante de pacientes médicos con riesgo tromboembólico medio-alto, que sigue sin recibir la adecuada profilaxis (infrautilización), a pesar de las recomendaciones de consenso con amplio respaldo científico y profesional (AU)


Objective: To investigate the prevalence of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) prescription in venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in a general hospital and the suitability of the recommendations from the clinical practice guidelines. Method: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study of the indication-prescription type, carried out on patients admitted to medical departments and for surgery. Results: 345 patients were included. The prevalence of HBPM use was 44.6% (95% CI, 39.3-50.1). Depending on the risk of thromboembolism, the decision to treat prophylactically (or not) was appropriate in 261 cases (75.7%; 95% CI, 70.7-80.1), and the action guidelines were not suitable for the remainder of patients. 55 patients(15.9%; 95% CI, 12.2-20.2) presented a high risk and were not prescribed prophylactically (underuse); and 29 patients (8.4%; 95% CI,5.7-11.8) at low risk were treated prophylactically (overuse). There was a relationship between the appropriateness of the prescription and the type of patient (p<0.01). In the group of medical patients the prevalence of prescription was 22.6% (95% CI, 16.9-29.1) and only33.3% of patients with a high to moderate risk of thromboembolism received prophylaxis. The prevalence of prescription in general surgery was 84.2% and 91.3% in traumatology. Conclusions: The degree of prophylaxis is adequate in surgical patients, but there was a significant percentage of medical patients with a high to moderate risk who did not receive suitable prophylaxis (underuse), despite recommendations with scientific and professional backing (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Heparina de Baixo Peso Molecular/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Imobilização/efeitos adversos
16.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 8(32): 587-594, oct.-dic. 2006. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142717

RESUMO

Objetivo: conocer la incidencia de cáncer infantil y las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y administrativas de los casos diagnosticados en el área de salud del Bierzo durante el período comprendido entre 1989 y 2003. Material y métodos: se diseñó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con recogida de datos de los niños menores de 15 años diagnosticados de cualquier tipo de cáncer durante el período referido. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 22 casos, con una incidencia anual de 7 por 100.000. Pertenecieron al grupo hematológico un 50%, siguiendo los del sistema nervioso central (27%) y los tumores óseos (14%). Destaca la ausencia de diagnóstico en 1990, 1996 y 1997, con un má- ximo de cinco diagnósticos durante 1998. Existe un predominio en varones (60%) y el 64% pertenece al grupo de edad menor de 5 años, lo que supone un aumento de incidencia estadísticamente significativo. El 82% de los casos se diagnosticó antes de las 48 horas de ingreso. Se trasladaron a otros hospitales el 100% de los casos. Sólo en el 22% de los casos se remitió desde el hospital de nivel 3 el informe clínico. Conclusiones: la incidencia anual de cáncer en la población infantil del área de salud del Bierzo es de 7 por 100.000. La incidencia anual en los niños menores de 5 años es de 19 por 100.000. Existe un predominio de varones y edades tempranas; este último es estadísticamente significativo. La estirpe predominante es la hematológica. Se trasladan el 100% de los procesos tumorales a distintos hospitales de referencia. La comunicación reglada mediante documento escrito con el hospital de referencia es unidireccional en el 78% de los casos (AU)


Objective: the objective of this study is to gain an awareness of the incidence of childhood cancer, the epidemiological, clinical and administrative features of the diagnosed cases in the Bierzo health area during the period 1989-2003. Material and methods: we designed a retrospective descriptive study by collecting information from diagnosed cancer cases amongst children under 15 years of age over the aforementioned period. Results: twenty-two cases were diagnosed, with an annual incidence of 7 in 100,000. Of these diagnosed cases, 50% belonged to the haematological group, whilst central nervous system cases accounted for 27% and bone tumours made up 14% of the total. The fact that no tumours were diagnosed in 1990, 1996 and 1997 is particularly noteworthy, and a maximum of five cases registered in 1998. There is a predominance of male patients (60%) and 64% of children in this group were under 5 years of age, representing a significant statistical increase. Eighty-two percent of the cases were diagnosed within 48 hours after admission. All cases were subsequently transferred to a higher level hospital. The level 3 hospital sent back the clinical report in only 22% of the cases. Conclusions: the annual incidence of cancer amongst children in the Bierzo health area is 7 in 100,000. The annual incidence amongst children under the age of 5 is 19 in 100,000. Males predominated, and amongst this group, there is a high incidence of younger members. Haematological cancer is the most frequently encountered type. All procedures involving tumours were transferred. The official written report with the hospital reference is unidirectional in 78% of the cases (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Mortalidade Infantil , Coleta de Dados , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pediatria , Oncologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas , Neoplasias de Tecido Ósseo , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso , Distribuições Estatísticas , Espanha/epidemiologia
18.
Nutr. hosp ; 20(6): 371-377, nov.-dic. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042077

RESUMO

El tratamiento nutricional es fundamental en la anorexia nerviosa (AN), si bien la reposición de nutrientes debe hacerse de forma progresiva para evitar la aparición del síndrome de realimentación. Objetivo: Comparar el gasto energético en reposo (GER) mediante calorimetría indirecta con el estimado con diferentes fórmulas en mujeres con AN. Material y Métodos: Estudiamos 21 mujeres ingresadas con AN (DSM-IV), edad 17 (DE 5,9) rango 12-34 años. El tiempo de ingreso fue 55,1 ± 20,7 días (21-91). La valoración nutricional inicial incluyó antropometría (IMC, PTC, PSE, CMB,CMMB) y bioimpedancia tetrapolar (HoltainBC). La calorimetría indirecta (CI) se realizó tras ayuno nocturno (Deltatrac TM II MBM-200). En 9 pacientes se repitió el mismo estudio antes del alta. Comparamos el GER (kcal/24 h) medido por CI con el obtenido por diferentes ecuaciones [Fleisch, Harris-Benedict (HB), FAO, Schofield-HW (SHW), Schebendach] mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y el método de Bland y Altman. Resultados: El estado nutricional mejoró significativamente durante la hopitalización. El 50% del peso recuperado fue masa grasa. El GER aumentó significativamente durante el ingreso. Las fórmulas sobrestimaron el GER respecto al obtenido por CI (p < 0,05), con excepción de la ecuación de Schebendach que infravaloró el GER. La concordancia entre la medida directa del GER por CI y su estimación por las fórmulas fue mala [Fleish (CCI = 0,21), HB (CCI = 0,21), FAO (CCI = 0,21), SHW (CCI = 0,19), Schebendach (CCI = 0,15)]. Mediante el método de Bland y Altman observamos que existía un sesgo variable entre la medida de la CI y las fórmulas, existiendo una concordancia clínicamente aceptable para valores de GER de aproximadamente 1.200 kcal/día. Conclusiones: 1) En nuestro estudio obtuvimos una baja concordancia entre los valores de GER medidos por calorimetría indirecta y los estimados por las fórmulas. 2) Mediante el método de Bland y Altman observamos que todas las fórmulas presentan un sesgo variable respecto a la CI, siendo la concordancia clínicamente aceptable para valores de GER alrededor de 1200 kcal/día. 3) Por tanto, la calorimetría indirecta parece una herramienta muy útil en el cálculo de los requerimientos energéticos de las pacientes con Anorexia Nerviosa (AU)


Nutritional management is essential in anorexia nervosa (AN), although nutrient replenishment must be done progressively to prevent the occurrence of re-alimentation syndrome. Objective: to compare resting energy expenditure (REE) by means of indirect calorimetry and by different equations in AN female patients. Material and methods: we studied 21 women admitted for AN (DSM-IV), mean age 17 years (SD 5.9), range 12-34 years. Admission stay was 55.1 ± 20.7 days (21-91). Initial nutritional assessment included anthropometrics (BMJ, TSF, SSE, MAC, MAMC) and tetrapolar bioimpedance (HoltainBC). Indirect calorimetry (IC) was done after overnight fasting (DeltatracTM II MBM-200). In 9 patients, the same study was repeated before hospital discharge. We compared REE (Kcal/24 h) measured by IC with that obtained by several equations [Fleish, Harris- Benedict, FAO, Schofield-HW (SHW), Schebendach] through the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman method. Results: Nutritional status significantly improved during hospital admission. Fifty percent of the recovered weight was fat mass. REE significantly increased during admission. The equations overestimated REE as compared to IC (p < 0.05), except for the Schebendach equation that underestimated REE. The agreement between direct measurement of REE by IC and its estimation through equations was poor [Fleish (ICC = 0.21); HB (ICC = 0.21), SHW (ICC = 0.19), Schebendach (ICC = 0.15)]. Through the Bland-Altman method, we observed that there was a variable bias between IC and equations, with a clinically acceptable agreement for REW values of around 1200 Kcal/day. Conclusions: 1) In our study we obtained a poor agreement between REW values measured by indirect calorimetry and those estimated by equations. 2) Through the Bland-Altman method, we observed that all equations present a variable bias as for IC, the agreement being clinically acceptable for REE values of around 1200 Kcal/day. 3) Thus, indirect calorimetry seems to be a very useful tool to calculate the energy requirements of anorexia nervosa patients (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Anorexia Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Anorexia Nervosa/dietoterapia , Calorimetria Indireta/métodos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Alimentos Formulados , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal
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